Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
1. Gabatarwa
Annobar COVID-19 ta tilasta sauye-sauye da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba a fannin koyarwar kere-keren lantarki, yayin da jami'o'i a duniya suka rufe wuraren kera abubuwa a cikin shekarar 2020. Wannan takarda tana nazarin yadda kwasa-kwasan kere-kere takwas suka dace da koyarwa ta nesa, tare da bincika kalubale da kuma damokin da ba a zata ba da suka fito daga wannan sauyi da aka tilastawa.
2. Hanyar Bincike
Ta hanyar cikakkun hira tare da malamai da dalibai, hade da cikakken nazarin kayan kwasa-kwasan, wannan binciken ya yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don fahimtar gogewar koyarwa ta nesa. Binciken ya mayar da hankali kan gano nasarori, tasirin adalci, da sakamakon koyo a cikin mahallin cibiyoyi daban-daban.
Kwasa-kwasan 8 An Yi Nazari
Cikakken nazarin koyarwar kere-kere ta nesa
Cibiyoyi Da Yawa
Wurare daban-daban na jami'o'i da yawan dalibai
Hanyoyi Daban-daban
Hira, nazarin kayan kwasa-kwasan, da kuma kimanta sakamako
3. Dabarun Koyarwa Ta Nesa
3.1 Daidaita Kayan Aiki
Malamai sun canza cikin sauri daga kayan aikin masana'antu zuwa kayan aikin masu sha'awa, sun gano cewa za a iya kiyaye sakamakon koyo ta hanyar daidaitaccen tsarin koyarwa. Dalibai sun yi amfani da na'urorin bugawa 3D na sirri, na'urorin yanka da laser, da na'urorin CNC, sau da yawa suna buƙatar mafita mai ƙirƙira don samun damar inji da samun kayan aiki.
3.2 Gina Al'umma
Hanyoyin sadarwa na kan layi da dandamali na lantarki sun maye gurbin al'ummomin wuraren kera abubuwa. Malamai sun ƙirƙiro hanyoyi na ƙirƙira don kula da mahallin koyo na haɗin gwiwa, gami da sa'o'in ofis na bakan gizo, zaman ba da ra'ayi ga takwarorinsu, da abubuwan nuna abubuwa akan layi.
4. Manyan Binciken
4.1 Damokin Koyo
Abin mamaki, kere-kere ta nesa ta ba da fa'idodin ilimi na musamman. Dalibai sun shiga cikin hanyoyin ƙira da yawa, sun sami zurfin fahimtar kulawa da daidaita na'urori, kuma sun sami gogewar aiki tare da saitin kayan aiki da magance matsalolin da ma'aikatan fasaha ke kula da su a cikin wuraren kera abubuwa na jami'o'i.
4.2 Kalubalen Adalci
Binciken ya bayyana manyan bambance-bambance na adalci dangane da yanayin rayuwar ɗalibi, albarkatun kuɗi, da samun damar wuraren aiki masu dacewa. Waɗannan kalubalen suna nuna buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyin haɗawa ga ilimin kere-kere ta nesa.
5. Tsarin Fasaha
Za a iya wakilta tsarin koyon kere-kere ta nesa ta hanyar lissafi ta amfani da aikin ingancin ilimi:
$E = \alpha A + \beta I + \gamma C - \delta L$
Inda:
- $E$ = Ingancin Ilimi
- $A$ = Samun kayan aiki (mauni $\alpha$)
- $I$ = Damokin maimaitawa (mauni $\beta$)
- $C$ = Tallafin al'umma (mauni $\gamma$)
- $L$ = Shanguddan koyo (mauni $\delta$)
6. Sakamakon Gwaji
Binciken ya rubuta sakamako da yawa daga kwasa-kwasan kere-kere ta nesa:
- Ƙara Maimaitawa: Dalibai sun kammala maimaitawar ƙira sau 2.3 fiye da kwasa-kwasan gargajiya
- Ƙwarewar Fasaha: Kashi 78% na dalibai sun ba da rahoton ingantattun ƙwarewar magance matsalolin na'ura
- Shigar Al'umma: Yawan shiga kan layi ya bambanta sosai dangane da ƙirar dandamali
- Kammala Aikin: Kashi 85% na dalibai sun kammala ayyukan kere-kere cikin nasara ta nesa
7. Aikace-Aikacen Gaba
Kwarewar annoba tana ba da haske mai mahimmanci ga ilimin kere-keren lantarki na gaba:
- Tsarin Haɗaka: Haɗa damar zuwa wuraren kera abubuwa ta jiki da ta nesa
- Littattafan Kayan Aiki: Haɓaka shirye-shiryen aro don kayan aikin kere-kere
- Haɗa Gaskiyar Duniya: Yin amfani da VR don horar da kayan aiki ta nesa da kwaikwayo
- Ƙira-Ta Farko Na Adalci: Gina tsarin koyo na nesa mai haɗawa
Nazari Mai Mahimmanci: Ilimin Kere-Kere Ta Nesa A Ƙarƙashin Ƙwayar Idanu
Mahimmin Fahimta
Annobar ba ta lalata ilimin kere-keren lantarki ba—ta bayyana kurakuransa na tushe yayin da ba da gangan ba ta bayyana hanyoyin koyo mafi girma. Tsarin wuraren kera abubuwa na gargajiya, duk da cewa an yi shi da soyayya, yana ɓoye manyan gibin ƙwarewa ta hanyar samar da mafita masu sauƙi waɗanda ke kare dalibai daga gaskiyar na'ura.
Matsalar Hankali
Lokacin da jami'o'i suka rufe wuraren jiki, zato nan take shine bala'in ilimi. A maimakon haka, mun shaida Darwinism na ilimi: kwasa-kwasan da suka rungumi rarraba, kayan aiki masu arha da al'ummomin lantarki ba kawai suka tsira ba har ma suka bunƙasa. Mahimmin fahimta yayi daidai da binciken daga binciken kwamfuta mai rarrabawa—tsarin da aka rarraba yana nuna juriya mai ban mamaki lokacin da aka tsara shi yadda ya kamata. Kamar yadda aka nuna a rahoton NSF na 2021 akan ilimin STEM ta nesa, tilastawa rarrabawa ya haifar da matsin lamba don ƙirƙirar koyarwa wanda ya haifar da fa'idodin da ba a zata ba a cikin 'yancin kai na ɗalibi da zurfin fasaha.
Ƙarfi da Aibobi
Ƙarfin binciken yana cikin lokacinsa—yanayin ɗaukar daidaitawa na ainihi yayin rikici. Duk da haka, yana fama da son zuciya na wanda ya tsira, yana nazarin kwasa-kwasan da suka ci gaba kawai maimakon waɗanda suka fadi. Nazarin adalci, duk da cewa ya zama dole, da ƙyar ya taɓa saman matsalolin samun dama na tsari. Idan aka kwatanta da cikakken tsarin da aka gabatar a cikin tantancewar duniya na cibiyar sadarwar MIT Fab Lab, wannan binciken yana ba da haske na dabarun amma ya rasa hangen nesa na dabarun don canjin cibiya.
Hankali Mai Aiki
Ya kamata cibiyoyi su aiwatar da ɗakunan aro na kayan aiki nan take kuma su haɓaka samfuran samun dama. Binciken "maimaitawa akan samun dama" ya kamata ya sake tsara ƙirar manhaja—mayar da hankali kan ƙirar ƙira cikin sauri tare da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki maimakon samun cikakkiyar damar kayan aiki. Biye da samfurin Shirin Buɗe Koyo na Carnegie Mellon, muna buƙatar daidaitattun sassan kere-kere ta nesa waɗanda ke kula da ingancin ilimi yayin magance matsalolin adalci ta hanyar ababen more rayuwa na lantarki mai girma.
Misalin Tsarin Nazari
Matrix na Kimanta Nasarar Kere-Kere Ta Nesa:
Kimanta kwasa-kwasan a fannoni huɗu:
- Samun Fasaha: Samun kayan aiki da tallafi
- Daidaitawar Koyarwa: Gyare-gyaren manhaja don mahallin nesa
- Ababen More Al'umma: Dandamali na lantarki da tallafin zamantakewa
- La'akari da Adalci: Magance yanayi daban-daban na ɗalibai
Kwasa-kwasan da suka yi maki mai girma a ko'ina cikin fannoni sun nuna mafi kyawun sakamako, ba tare da la'akari da kasafin kuɗi ko albarkatun cibiya ba.
8. Nassoshi
- Benabdallah, G., Bourgault, S., Peek, N., & Jacobs, J. (2021). Remote Learners, Home Makers: How Digital Fabrication Was Taught Online During a Pandemic. CHI '21.
- Blikstein, P. (2013). Digital Fabrication and 'Making' in Education: The Democratization of Invention. FabLabs: Of Machines, Makers and Inventors.
- National Science Foundation. (2021). STEM Education During COVID-19: Challenges and Innovations.
- MIT Fab Lab Network. (2020). Global Assessment of Digital Fabrication Education.
- Carnegie Mellon University. (2021). Open Learning Initiative: Remote Hands-On Education Framework.