THE WASTIVE: Mu'amala Mai Ra'ayi Tsakanin Sharar Kera Na'ura da Muhalli

Tsarin Abubuwan Ciki

• 1. Gabatarwa
• 2. The Wastive: Manufa & Hangen Nesa na Fasaha
• 3. Aiwatar da Fasaha & Tsarin Mu'amala
• 4. Ayyukan Da Suka Gabata & Mahallin
• 5. Bincike & Fassarar Muhimmanci
• 6. Hanyoyin Gaba & Aikace-aikace
• 7. Nassoshi

1. Gabatarwa

Sabbin fasahohi a cikin HCI, musamman kera na'ura (misali, buga 3D, yanke da Laser), sun ba da damar zane da ƙirƙira ga kowa. Duk da haka, wannan damar tana zuwa da tsadar muhalli mai girma. Tsarin ƙirƙira a asalinsa yana maimaitawa kuma sau da yana haifar da ɓarna, yana cinye makamashi da kayan aiki iri-iri, musamman robobi. Zubar da su ba bisa ka'ida ba yana haifar da gurɓataccen ƙananan robobi, tare da kiyasin ton 11-23 na robobi da ke shiga cikin tekuna kowace shekara [4]. Wannan takarda ta gabatar da "THE WASTIVE," wani shiri na fasaha mai mu'amala wanda ke fuskantar wannan matsala ta hanyar canza sharar kera na'ura daga abin da ba a kula da shi zuwa wani abu mai aiki, mai lura.

2. The Wastive: Manufa & Hangen Nesa na Fasaha

"THE WASTIVE" yana gabatar da wata tambaya mai waka: Idan sharar kera na'ura za ta iya lura da duniya fa? Me za su gani? Me za su ce? Shirin yana sake tunanin kayan da aka jefar—bugu na 3D da suka gaza, tsarin tallafi, guntun yankakken Laser—a matsayin masu lura masu hankali. Yana haifar da tattaunawa shiru inda wannan ragowar fasaha ke "lura" da amsa ga kasancewar ɗan adam. Babban mu'amalar yana kwaikwayon yanayin raguwa da ƙaruwar igiyoyin ruwa na teku, yana haifar da ƙananan surutu na teku kuma yana haɗa kai tsaye sharar zuwa iyakar muhallinta. Wannan yana canza wani abu da aka saba yin watsi da shi zuwa wani gogewa mai tunani da azanci da aka yi niyya don tayar da zurfin tunani game da halayenmu na ƙirƙira da amfani.

3. Aiwatar da Fasaha & Tsarin Mu'amala

Shirin da alama yana amfani da tsarin firikwensin-actuator. Yayin da masu kallo suka kusanto, firikwensin kusanci (misali, ultrasonic ko infrared) suna gano kasancewa. Wannan shigarwar tana haifar da abubuwan da aka kunna a cikin tarin kayan sharar, yana sa su motsa cikin tsarin kama da igiyar ruwa. Zaɓin motsin igiyar ruwa yana da mahimmanci, yana aiki a matsayin yanayin yanayi na duniya gaba ɗaya kuma kuma kwatankwacin kai tsaye ga ƙarshen muhalli na yawancin gurɓataccen robobi. Manufar fasaha ita ce haifar da madauki mai daɗi, mai waka: kusantar ɗan adam → ganewar firikwensin → samar da igiyar ruwa ta algorithm → motsin actuator → amsa ta gani/ji.

3.1. Tsarin Lissafi don Motsin Igya

Za a iya ƙirƙira raguwa da ƙaruwa ta amfani da aikin igiyar ruwa mai damped sinusoidal don kwaikwayon motsi mai kwantar da hankali, na halitta. Matsayi $P_i(t)$ na kowane actuator $i$ a lokacin $t$ zai iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin:

$P_i(t) = A \cdot \sin(2\pi f t + \phi_i) \cdot e^{-\lambda t} + B$

Inda:

• $A$ shine amplitude (matsakaicin motsi).
• $f$ shine mitar igiyar ruwa.
• $\phi_i$ shine ragowar lokaci don actuator $i$, yana haifar da tasirin yaduwar igiyar ruwa.
• $\lambda$ shine ma'aunin damping, yana haifar da motsi ya zauna a hankali.
• $B$ shine matsayin tushe.

Za a iya daidaita sigogin $A$ da $f$ ta hanyar shigarwar firikwensin (misali, nisa ko adadin masu kallo), yana mai da tsarin mai mu'amala.

3.2. Tsarin Bincike: Madaukin Lura

Misalin Hali (Ba Code ba): Don bincika tasirin shirin, za mu iya amfani da wani tsari mai sauƙi don bincika "Madaukin Lura":

1. Juyar da Abu da Abin Lura: Sharar (a al'ada abu) ta zama abin da ke lura. Mutum (a al'ada abin lura) ya zama abin da ake lura.
2. Fassarar Azanci: Tasirin muhalli mai ma'ana (ton na robobi) ana fassara shi zuwa gogewa ta azanci ta gaggawa, ta gida (motsin igiyar ruwa, sauti).
3. Gadar Kwatance: Injiniyan igiyar ruwa yana gina gadar kwatance kai tsaye tsakanin aikin ƙirƙira (tushe) da gurɓataccen teku (ƙarshe).
4. Tura Halaye: Gogewar tunani ba ta nufin ba da umarni ba amma don haifar da rashin jituwa a hankali wanda zai iya tura halaye na gaba.

Wannan tsarin yana taimakawa wajen wucewa daga bayyana shirin zuwa bincika hanyar tasirinsa.

4. Ayyukan Da Suka Gabata & Mahallin

THE WASTIVE ya tsara kansa a cikin Tsarin Mu'amala Mai Dorewa (SID) [1, 2], wanda ke neman haɗa la'akari da muhalli cikin kwamfuta. Yana amsa kira don ƙarin tsarin ƙirƙira mai dorewa a cikin kera na'ura [3]. Yayin da aikin da ya gabata ya mai da hankali kan mafita na fasaha kamar kayan aiki masu dorewa (misali, filaments daga ƙasar kofi da aka cinye [5, 6]), THE WASTIVE yana magance rata na fahimta da hali. Yana aiki bisa al'adar zane mai mahimmanci da fasahar hasashe a cikin HCI, yana amfani da mu'amala ta waka don haɓaka haɗin kai na tunani da tunani game da al'amuran dorewa, ya kai fiye da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru.

5. Bincike & Fassarar Muhimmanci

Babban Fahimta: THE WASTIVE ba mafita ce ta sarrafa sharar ba; ƙwarewar fahimta ce. Ainihin ƙirƙirarsa ta ta'allaka ne a amfani da ƙarfin tushe na HCI—ƙirƙirar gogewar mai amfani mai jan hankali—don sake tsara wani abu na waje na muhalli a matsayin mu'amala ta kusa, mai lura. Yana sa sakamakon ƙananan robobi ya zama abin taɓa shi ga mutum.

Tsarin Ma'ana: Ma'anar aikin tana da da'ira mai kyau: Kera na'ura yana haifar da sharar → sharar tana gurɓata tekuna → shirin yana amfani da motsin igiyar ruwa (kwatancin teku) don ba da aikin sharar → wannan aikin yana sa madaukin gurɓataccen ya zama abin gaggawa ga mai kallo → yana iya yin tasiri ga yanke shawara na ƙirƙira na gaba. Yana rufe rata a cikin sarkar dalili da sakamako.

Ƙarfi & Aibobi: Ƙarfinsa shine kwatancinsa mai ƙarfi, mai sauƙi da koyo mai tasiri. Yana guje wa zama mai koyarwa. Duk da haka, aibinsa ya shafi aikin fasaha: ma'auni. Shin gogewar tunani a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya tana canzawa zuwa rage sharar a cikin dakin ƙirƙira? Za a ƙarfafa aikin ta hanyar bincike mai gauraye wanda ya haɗa shirin tare da bin diddigin halayen ƙirƙira na mahalarta na gaba, kamar yadda ake tabbatar da bincike kan turawa.

Fahimta Mai Aiki: Ga masu bincike da masu aiki na HCI, THE WASTIVE yana nuna yuwuwar da ba a yi amfani da ita ba na "amsa na muhalli da aka haɗa." Maimakon kawai nuna dashboard na sawun carbon, tsarin mai dorewa na gaba zai iya haɗa tasirinsa a cikin yanayin mu'amalarsa—firinta wanda ke ƙin jiki ko rage sauri lokacin amfani da robobi na farko, ko kayan aikin zane wanda ke da matsala a cikin mu'amalarsa bisa ma'ana yayin da sharar kayan aiki ke ƙaruwa. Fahimtar ita ce a toya dorewa cikin jin mu'amalar, ba kawai sakamakon ba.

6. Hanyoyin Gaba & Aikace-aikace

Manufar "sharar mai hankali" tana da aikace-aikace masu faɗi:

• Kayan Aikin Ilimi: Siffofi masu iya awo don wuraren ƙirƙira, fab labs, da makarantu, inda shirin ke ba da amsa na lokaci-lokaci, na yanayi game da samar da sharar.
• Kayan Aikin Software na Zane: Haɗa wani ɓangare na "sanin sharar" cikin software na CAD/CAM wanda ke nuna ko sauti game da kiyasin sharar yayin lokacin zane.
• Mahallin Masana'antu: Daidaita kwatancin lura don benayen masana'antu, inda ake sa ido kan manyan rafukan sharar ƙirƙira kuma ana wakilta su ta hanyar zahirin bayanai.
• Gaskiya Mai Faɗaɗa (XR): Amfani da AR don rufe "masu lura da sharar" na dijital akan ƙirar zahiri, ƙirƙirar wani yanki na dindindin na amsa na muhalli a duk tsarin zane.

Gaba yana cikin motsawa daga tunani na tushen gidan kayan gargajiya zuwa kayan aikin zane na yau da kullun da aka haɗa waɗanda ke sanya dorewa ya zama ma'auni na zahiri na aikin ƙirƙira.

7. Nassoshi

1. Blevis, E. (2007). Tsarin mu'amala mai dorewa: ƙirƙira & zubarwa, sabuntawa & sake amfani. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '07).
2. DiSalvo, C., Sengers, P., & Brynjarsdóttir, H. (2010). Taswirar yanayin HCI mai dorewa. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '10).
3. Eldy, et al. (2023). Tsarin Rayuwar Ƙirƙira Mai Dorewa don Kera Na'ura. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction.
4. IUCN. (2021). Robobin teku. Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kiyaye Yanayi.
5. Rivera, M. L., et al. (2022). Filament na Bugawa 3D Mai Dorewa daga Ƙasar Kofi da aka Cinye. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.
6. Zhu, J., et al. (2021). Haɓaka Abubuwan Haɗin Haɗin Halitta don Ƙirƙirar Filament da aka Haɗa. Ƙara Masana'antu.
7. Isola, P., Zhu, J., Zhou, T., & Efros, A. A. (2017). Fassarar Hotuna zuwa Hotuna tare da Cibiyoyin Adawa na Sharadi. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). (An ambata a matsayin misalin hanyar fasaha mai canzawa a wani yanki daban).
8. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2022). Rahoton Ci gaban Alkawari na Duniya na 2022. (An ambata don ingantaccen bayani kan ƙa'idodin tattalin arzikin madauki).