Wannan binciken, wanda aka gabatar a Taron Aikin Bincike na Ƙungiyar Simulashin 2010 (SW10), ya bincika wata muhimmiyar tambaya a cikin tsarin simulashin: ta yaya nau'ikan simulashin daban-daban ke wakiltar halayen ɗan adam, kuma shin suna samar da sakamako masu ma'ana daban-daban? Binciken ya kwatanta musamman tsarin Simulashin Tarihi na Discrete (DES) na gargajiya da wani tsari mai haɗaka wanda ya haɗa DES da Simulashin Tushen Wakili (ABS) don tsara duka halayen ma'aikata mai amfani da hankali da mai tsinkaya a cikin wani tsari mai rikitarwa wanda ya fi dacewa da ɗan adam—dakin gwada tufafi na mata a cikin wani babban kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Burtaniya.
Babban manufar ita ce kimanta tasirin tsarin halayen mai tsinkaya (ma'aikatan ɗaukar mataki) tare da halayen mai amfani da hankali (ma'aikatan amsa buƙatu) akan aikin tsarin simulashin, da kuma tantance ko hanyar DES/ABS mai rikitarwa ta ba da fahimta daban-daban sosai fiye da ingantaccen tsarin DES.
Takardar ta sanya aikinta a cikin manyan hanyoyin simulashin Binciken Aiki (OR) guda uku.
DES yana tsara tsarin a matsayin jerin abubuwan da suka faru a kan lokaci. Yanayin tsarin yana canzawa ne kawai a cikin maki na yanki a lokacin da wani abu ya faru. Yana da mahimmanci ga tsari, mai kyau don tsarin tsarin jeri, rabon albarkatu, da aikin aiki. A cikin tsarin halayen ɗan adam, ana wakiltar mutane sau da yawa a matsayin ƙungiyoyi masu wucewa ta hanyoyin aiki.
ABS yana tsara tsarin daga ƙasa zuwa sama, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai masu cin gashin kansu, masu hulɗa. Kowane wakili yana da nasa dokoki, halaye, da yuwuwar manufofi. Yana da mahimmanci ga ƙungiya, mai dacewa don tsarin bambance-bambance, daidaitawa, koyo, da rikitattun hulɗa tsakanin mutane. Yana ɗaukar halayen mai tsinkaya, mai manufa ta dabi'a.
SDS yana mai da hankali kan matakin tarawa na martani da tsarin jari da kwarara. Ya dace don dabarun, binciken manufofi na babban matakin amma an lura cewa bai dace ba don tsarin bambance-bambancen matakin mutum ɗaya da hali, wanda shine abin da wannan binciken ya fi mayar da hankali.
Binciken shari'ar shine aikin dakin gwada tufafi a sashin tufafin mata na babban mai sayar da kayayyaki na goma na Burtaniya. Tsarin ya ƙunshi abokan ciniki suna zuwa, suna jere don ɗakin gwada tufafi, gwada tufafi, da ma'aikatan taimaka musu. Manufar binciken ita ce yin amfani da simulashin don tantance ingancin sabbin manufofin gudanarwa ta hanyar simulashin halayen ma'aikata.
Binciken ya ginu akan aikin da ya gabata (Majid et al., 2009) wanda ya tsara halayen mai amfani da hankali kawai, yana faɗaɗa shi zuwa wani yanayi mai haɗakar amfani da hankali da tsinkaya.
Tsarin DES na gargajiya ya wakilci abokan ciniki da ma'aikata a matsayin ƙungiyoyi. An tsara halayen ma'aikatan mai tsinkaya ta amfani da dabaru na sharadi da masu canjin yanayi a cikin tsarin aiki. Misali, mai canjin yanayi na "yanayin ma'aikata" zai iya haifar da wani tsari na "gudanar da jeri mai tsinkaya" idan tsayin jerin ya wuce wani bakin kofa.
Tsarin haɗakar ya yi amfani da tsarin DES don gabaɗayan tsarin aiki (zuwa, jeri, amfani da albarkatu) amma ya aiwatar da ma'aikata a matsayin wakilai masu cin gashin kansu. Kowane wakili na ma'aikata yana da saitin dokoki da ke tafiyar da halayensa, gami da dabaru na yanke shawara na lokacin da zai canza daga yanayin m zuwa yanayin shiga tsakani mai tsinkaya dangane da yanayin muhalli da aka gane (tsayin jeri, lokacin jiran abokin ciniki).
Dukansu model sun bi daidaitaccen tabbatarwa (tabbatar da cewa model yana aiki kamar yadda ake nufi) da ingantawa (tabbatar da cewa yana wakiltar ainihin tsarin daidai). Wata muhimmiyar dabarar ingantawa da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce binciken hankali, gwada yadda sakamakon model ya canza dangane da bambance-bambance a cikin mahimman ma'auni (misali, ƙimar shiga tsakani mai tsinkaya, lambobin ma'aikata).
Mafi mahimmancin binciken shine cewa ga takamaiman halayen da aka tsara, tsarin DES na gargajiya da tsarin haɗakar DES/ABS sun samar da ma'auni na aikin fitowa iri ɗaya a ƙididdiga (misali, matsakaicin lokacin jiran abokin ciniki, amfani da ma'aikata, tsayin jeri).
Hasashe: DES/ABS zai nuna aiki daban saboda ƙarin hulɗar wakili.
Bincike: Babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a ƙididdiga a cikin mahimman abubuwan fitowa tsakanin DES da DES/ABS don wannan shari'ar.
Ma'ana: Tsarin DES mai tsari da kyau zai iya ɗaukar sauƙaƙan dokokin tsinkaya yadda ya kamata.
Binciken hankali ya tabbatar da cewa duka model sun amsa iri ɗaya ga canje-canje a cikin ma'auni na shigarwa, yana ƙarfafa ƙarshen cewa wakilcin aikin halayen tsarin ya yi daidai da wannan yanayin. Ƙarin halayen mai tsinkaya, gabaɗaya, ya inganta ma'aunin aikin tsarin (rage jira) a cikin duka model idan aka kwatanta da tushen mai amfani da hankali kawai.
Yayin da taƙaitaccen PDF bai ba da cikakkun bayanai na takamaiman dabarun lissafi ba, tsarin zai haɗa da ka'idar jeri da rarraba yuwuwar. Wani sauƙaƙan wakilcin doka mai tsinkaya a cikin duka model zai iya zama:
Doka ta Shiga Tsakani Mai Tsinkaya (Pseudo-Logic):
IDAN (Yanayin_Ma'aikata == "Maras aiki" KO "Akwai") KUMA (Tsayin_Jeri > Bakin_Kofa_L) KUMA (Bazuwar(0,1) < Yuwuwar_P) TO
Ƙaddamar da_Aikin_Mai_Tsinkaya() // misali, tsara jeri, taimaka wa abokan ciniki masu jira
Yanayin_Ma'aikata = "Mai Tsinkaya"
Tsawon Lokaci = Samfurin_Rarraba(Rarraba_Lokacin_Mai_Tsinkaya)
ƘARSHE IDAN
A cikin DES, wannan shine binciken sharadi a cikin tsarin ma'aikata. A cikin ABS, wannan doka wani ɓangare ne na saitin doka na wakili na ma'aikata, mai yiwuwa a kimanta shi akai-akai ko a wuraren yanke shawara. Babban bambancin lissafi ba a cikin doka kanta ba amma a cikin tsarin aiwatar da ita—tsarin aiki na tsakiya da kimanta wakili na rarraba.
Ma'auni na aiki kamar matsakaicin lokacin jira ($W_q$) da amfani da tsarin ($\rho$) ana ƙididdige su iri ɗaya a cikin duka model:
$W_q = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (T_{i,fara aikin} - T_{i,zuwa})$
$\rho = \frac{\text{Jimlar Lokacin Aiki na Ma'aikata}}{\text{Jimlar Lokacin Simulashin}}$
Yanayi: Tsarin halin ma'aikaciyar jinya ta sashin asibiti.
Binciken na 2010 ya share hanya don ƙarin bincike mai zurfi. Hanyoyin gaba sun haɗa da:
Sharhin Manazarta: Duban Gaskiya Mai Amfani
Mahimmin Fahimta: Wannan takarda tana ba da gaskiya mai mahimmanci, wacce ake yawan rasa a cikin simulashin: rikitarwar model ba ta da nagarta a cikinta. Haɗakar DES/ABS, yayin da yake da salon ilimi don tsara halayen ɗan adam, ya kasa samar da fahimta daban-daban masu ma'ana na aiki fiye da ingantaccen tsarin DES na gargajiya da aka ƙera don wannan takamaiman iyakar matsalar. Ainihin ƙimar ba ta cikin gine-ginen tushen wakili ba, amma a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙirar dabaru na halayen mai tsinkaya.
Kwararar Hankali: Binciken yana bin ingantacciyar hanyar OR na gargajiya: ayyana hali (mai amfani da hankali/mai tsinkaya), zaɓi shari'ar da ta dace (dakin gwada tufafi na kantin sayar da kayayyaki), gina kwatankwacin model (DES da DES/ABS), gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa, da kuma amfani da gwaje-gwajen ƙididdiga (mai yiwuwa t-tests ko ANOVA) don kwatanta abubuwan fitowa. Ƙarfinsa yana cikin wannan daidaitaccen kwatankwacin, mataki da yawa ya ɓace a cikin takardun da ke ba da fifiko ga wata hanyar fiye da wata.
Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Ƙarfin binciken shine tsarinsa na aiki, tushen shaida. Yana ƙalubalantar zato cewa "mafi cikakken bayani" (ABS) koyaushe "mafi kyau." Duk da haka, laifinsa yana cikin sauƙin halayen mai tsinkaya da aka tsara—sauƙaƙan dokoki na tushen bakin kofa. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin wallafe-wallafen ABS na baya, kamar aikin akan gine-ginen fahimi (misali, ACT-R, SOAR) da aka haɗa tare da wakilai, ainihin ƙarfin ABS yana fitowa tare da koyo, daidaitawa, da rikitattun hulɗar zamantakewa, waɗanda ba a gwada su a nan ba. Binciken ya kwatanta "DES mai hankali" da "ABS mai sauƙi," mai yuwuwar rage ƙimar yuwuwar na ƙarshe.
Bayanai Masu Aiki: Ga masu aiki: Fara da DES. Kafin saka hannun jari a cikin haɓakawa da ƙarin lissafi na tsarin ABS, gwada sosai idan ingantaccen tsarin DES zai iya ɗaukar mahimman dabaru na yanke shawara. Yi amfani da binciken hankali don bincika dokokin hali. Ajiye ABS don matsalolin da bambance-bambance, daidaitawa, ko tasirin hanyar sadarwa suke ainihin tambayoyin bincike, ba kawai himma na mutum ɗaya ba. Wannan ya yi daidai da ka'idar taƙaitawa—mafi sauƙin isasshen model shine mafi kyau sau da yawa.